Emotional invalidation is when a person’s thoughts and feelings are rejected, ignored, or judged.

Invalidation is emotionally upsetting for anyone, but particularly hurtful for someone who is emotionally sensitive.

Momentum is perhaps the most vexing market anomaly because it exists, but normative models for rational agent behavior cannot explain why it exists.

Behavioral economics is just beginning to uncover the nexus of human irrationality which causes people to "buy higher" and "sell lower" -- presumably the roots for the momentum phenomenon.

In terms of self-invalidation, many emotionally sensitive people would agree they invalidate themselves, but would argue that they deserve it. Verbal Invalidation There are many different reasons and ways that people who care about you invalidate you. Misinterpreting What It Means to Be Close: Sometimes people think that knowing just how someone else feels without having to ask means they are emotionally close to that person.

The Way California's "Determinate" Sentencing Operated For many years, many states used a system of "open-ended indeterminate" sentencing.

That means that, once a person is convicted, a judge has broad discretion to select any sentence between two end points in the statutory range specified for a particular office (say, six years and sixteen years in prison) that she deems just.

Most people would deny that they invalidate the internal experience of others.

Very few would purposefully invalidate someone else.